JTest7.59定义——JAVA 编码标准规范

2-4.为Cloneable类声明'clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException'/ Declare 'clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException' for Cloneable class [CODSTA.CLONE-2]

2-5.确保没有终结Cloneable类中的'clone()'方法声明了'CloneNotSupportedException'/ Ensure 'clone()' method of non-final Cloneable class declared to throw 'CloneNotSupportedException' [CODSTA.CLONET-2]

2-6.避免在长整型常量后有小字母的"l"或字母的"1"/ Avoid having a lower-case "l" or the number "1" at the end of a "long" integer constant [CODSTA.LONG-2]

2-7.避免字面意义的常量/ Avoid literal constants [CODSTA.USN-2]

2-8.不要使用"break" 和（或则） "continue"与符号/ Do not use "break" and/or "continue" with labels [CODSTA.ABCL-3]

2-9.在"if"语句中不要使用复杂的条件表达式/ Do not use complicated conditional expressions in "if" statements [CODSTA.ACCS-3]

2-10.在一个catch块中不要使用instanceof去检查异常类型/ Do not use instanceof in a catch block to check the exception type [CODSTA.AIOC-3]

2-11.不要覆写父类中的非抽象方法/ Do not override non "abstract" methods of a parent class with "abstract" methods [CODSTA.AMMO-3]

2-12.用较少的特定类型实现松散耦合/ Use less specific types to accomplish loose coupling [CODSTA.AUVT-3]

2-13."final"以大写字符名声明字段/ Declare fields with uppercase character names as "final" [CODSTA.CFNF-3]

2-14.在类中使用链构造器实现多个构造器/ Use chain constructors in classes with multiple constructors [CODSTA.CHAIN-3]

2-15.在嵌套的表达式中避免使用增量或减量的算法/ Avoid using increment or decrement operators in nested expressions [CODSTA.CID-3]

2-16.使用'clone()'方法仅仅是实现'Cloneable'接口/ Use the 'clone()' method only to implement 'Cloneable' interface [CODSTA.CLONE2-3]

2-17.强制或避免使用条件算法/ Enforce or avoid usage of conditional operators [CODSTA.CX-3]

2-18.只要可能就定义一个非自变量构造器/ Define a no argument constructor whenever possible [CODSTA.DCTOR-3]

2-19.适当的定制类元素/ Order class elements appropriately [CODSTA.FO-3]

2-20.不要在一个语句中声明多个变量Do not declare multiple variables in one statement [CODSTA.MVOS-3]

2-21.在构造器执行期间不要调用方法那样可能会引起意料不到的NullPointerExceptions/ Do not call methods that might cause unexpected NullPointerExceptions during constructor execution [CODSTA.NCNFC-3]

2-22.避免"throws"异常；而用'Exception'的子几集/ Avoid "throws" Exceptions; use subclasses of 'Exception' [CODSTA.NTX-3]

2-23.以名字来组织方法/ Organize methods by name [CODSTA.OGM-3]

2-24.当你覆写'Object.hashCode()'时也覆写'Object.equals()'/ Override 'Object.equals()' when you override 'Object.hashCode()' [CODSTA.OVERRIDE2-3]

2-25.确保一个类中仅有的"private"构造器声明为"final"/ Ensure that a class which has only "private" constructors is declared as "final" [CODSTA.PCF-3]

2-26.避免"switch"语句有多个"case"语句/ Avoid "switch" statements with many "case" statements [CODSTA.SMC-3]

2-27.每个文件中至多有一个类型/ Do not have more than one type in each file [CODSTA.AMOC-4]

2-28.不要使用符号语句/ Do not use label statements [CODSTA.AULS-4]

2-29.避免嵌套的块/ Avoid nested blocks [CODSTA.BLOCK-4]

2-30.在比较中适当的一边放置常量/ Place constants on the appropriate side of comparisons [CODSTA.CS-4]

2-31.所有形式参数声明为"final"/ Declare all formal parameters as "final" [CODSTA.FPF-4]

2-32.避免或强制在import语句中使用'*'/ Avoid or enforce usage of '*' form of import statements [CODSTA.IMPTD-4]

2-33.在一个"abstract"类中不要从构造器中调用一个"abstract"方法/ Do not call an "abstract" method from a constructor in an "abstract" class [CODSTA.NCAC-4]

2-34.不要使用'Exception', 'RuntimeException', 或者 'Throwable'在 "catch"语句中/Do not use 'Exception', 'RuntimeException', or 'Throwable' in "catch" statement [CODSTA.NCE-4]

2-35.避免非静态初始化/ Avoid non-static initializers [CODSTA.NSI-4]

2-36.避免多个负载的方法有同样数字的参数/ Avoid multiple overloaded methods with the same number of parameters [CODSTA.OVERLOAD-4]

2-37.当你覆写'Object.equals()'时也覆写'Object.hashCode()'/ Override 'Object.hashCode()' when you override 'Object.equals()' [CODSTA.OVERRIDE-4]

2-38.在最后放置'main()'方法/ Place the 'main() 'method last [CODSTA.PML-4]

2-39.避免或强制使用"this"和"super"表达式/ Avoid or enforce the use of "this" and "super" expressions [CODSTA.UATS-4]

2-40.避免所有的类型有一个非默认的包名/ Ensure all types have a non default package name [CODSTA.UNDPN-4]

2-41.在if-else中避免使用负逻辑/ Avoid using negative logic in if-else statement [CODSTA.ANL-5]

2-42.在一个"interface"应定义常量/ Define constants in an "interface" [CODSTA.DCI-5]

2-43.在单一的方法中不要使用过多的'!'否定算法/ Do not use too many negation operators '!' in a single method [CODSTA.DUN-5]

2-44.不要使用一个"interface"去定义常量/ Do not use an "interface" to define constants [CODSTA.ISACF-5]

2-45.在"public"和"protected"方法间放置'finalize()'方法/ Place 'finalize()' methods between "public" and "protected" methods [CODSTA.ORFIM-5]

2-46.以整齐的字母序列呈现"import"语句/ Present "import" statements in alphabetical order [CODSTA.ORIMP-5]

2-47.覆写'toString ()'/ Override 'toString ()' [CODSTA.OTOSM-5]

3. Design by Contract [DBC]

3-1.在契约设计中使用正确的约定语法/ Use correct syntax in the DbC contracts [DBC.SYNTAX-1]

3-2.为所有"public"方法提供一个'@post'约定/ Provide an '@post' contract for all "public" methods [DBC.PUBMPOST-2]

3-3.为所有"public" 类提供一个'@invariant'约定/ Provide an '@invariant' contract for all "public" classes [DBC.PUBC-2]

3-4.为所有"public"方法提供一个'@pre'约定/ Provide an '@pre' contract for all "public" methods [DBC.PUBMPRE-2]

3-5.为所有"protected"类提供一个'@invariant'约定/Provide an '@invariant' contract for all "protected" classes [DBC.PROC-3]

3-6.为所有"protected"方法提供一个'@post'约定/ Provide an '@post' contract for all "protected" methods [DBC.PROMPOST-3]

3-7.为所有"protected"方法提供一个'@pre'约定/ Provide an '@pre' contract for all "protected" methods [DBC.PROMPRE-3]

3-8.为所有私有类包提供一个'@invariant'约定/ Provide an '@invariant' contract for all package-private classes [DBC.PKGC-4]

3-9.为所有私有方法包提供一个'@post'约定/ Provide an '@post' contract for all package-private methods [DBC.PKGMPOST-4]

3-10.为所有私有方法提供一个'@pre'约定/ Provide an '@pre' contract for all package-private methods [DBC.PKGMPRE-4]

3-11.为所有"private"类提供一个'@pre'约定/ Provide an '@invariant' contract for all "private" classes [DBC.PRIC-5]

3-12.为所有"private"方法提供一个'@post'约定/ Provide an '@post' contract for all "private" methods [DBC.PRIMPOST-5]

3-13.为所有"private"方法提供一个'@pre'约定Provide an '@pre' contract for all "private" methods [DBC.PRIMPRE-5]

4. Enterprise JavaBeans [EJB]

4-1.声明bean类为"public"/ Declare bean classes "public" [EJB.CDP-1]

4-2.不要以"abstract"声明bean类/ Do not declare bean classes as "abstract" [EJB.CNDA-1]

4-3.不要以"final"声明bean类/ Do not declare bean classes as "final" [EJB.CNDF-1]

4-4.声明'ejbCreate()'方法为"public",但即不能为"static"也不能为"final"/ Declare 'ejbCreate()' methods "public", but neither "static" nor "final" [EJB.CRTE-1]

4-5.声明finder方法为"public"，不过即不能为"static"也不能为"final"/ Declare finder methods "public" and neither "final" nor "static" [EJB.FNDM-1]

4-6.在一个bean类中实现一个或多个'ejbCreate ()'方法/ Implement one or more 'ejbCreate ()' methods in bean classes [EJB.IECM-1]

4-7.在一个实体bean类中实现一个或多个'ejbPostCreate()'方法/ Implement one or more 'ejbPostCreate()' methods in EntityBean classes [EJB.IEPM-1]

4-8.在所有消息驱动bean类中实现'ejbCreate()'方法/ Implement the 'ejbCreate()' method for all Message-driven bean classes [EJB.MDBC-1]

4-9.在实体bean类中为每个'ejbCreate'方法定义一个匹配的'ejbPostCreate()'方法/ Define a matching 'ejbPostCreate()' method for each 'ejbCreate' method in entity bean classes [EJB.MEC-1]

4-10.在bean类中不要定义'finalize ()'方法/ Do not define 'finalize ()' method in bean classes [EJB.MNDF-1]

4-11.为远程interface和远程home interface的方法抛出'java.rmi.RemoteException'/ Throw 'java.rmi.RemoteException' in the methods of remote interface and remote home interface [EJB.MRE-1]

4-12.避免在消息驱动Bean的'ejbCreate()'方法有自变量/ Avoid arguments in MessageDrivenBeans' 'ejbCreate()' method [EJB.NAC-1]

4-13.传入无参数则声明一个"public"构造器/ Declare a "public" constructor that takes no parameters [EJB.NFDC-1]

4-14.声明'ejbPostCreate()'为"public"，不过即不能为"static"也不能为"final"/ Declare 'ejbPostCreate()' "public" and neither "static" nor "final" [EJB.PCRTE-1]

4-15.在一个bean的局部interface和局部home interface中不要抛出'java.rmi.RemoteException'/ Do not throw 'java.rmi.RemoteException' in a bean's local interface and local home interface [EJB.RILH-1]

4-16.构造finder方法返回类型为primary key或一个primary key集合/ Make finder methods' return type the primary key or a collection of primary keys [EJB.RT-1]

4-17.为SessionBeans或MessageDrivenBeans的'ejbCreate()'方法构造返回类型"void"/ Make the return type "void" for SessionBeans or MessageDrivenBeans' 'ejbCreate()' methods [EJB.RTC-1]

4-18.为'ejbPostCreate()'方法构造返回类型"void"/ Make the return type "void" for the 'ejbPostCreate()' method [EJB.RTP-1]

4-19.在Home interface中为EJB remote, home interfaces和bean类和确保包括所有business方法和'create'与'finder'方法的EJB bean遵循格式化名/ Follow the name format for EJB remote, home interfaces, and bean classes and ensure EJB bean contains all the business methods and 'create' and 'finder' methods in the Home interface [EJB.STD-1]

4-20.远程home或局部home interfaces在创建方法时抛出'javax.ejb.CreateException'/ Throw 'javax.ejb.CreateException' in create methods of remote home or local home interfaces [EJB.TCE-1]

4-21.远程home或局部home interfaces在finder方法时抛出'javax.ejb.FinderException'/ Throw 'javax.ejb.FinderException' in finder methods of remote home or local home interfaces [EJB.TFE-1]

4-22.自变量避免通过"this"引用/ Avoid passing the "this" reference as an argument [EJB.THISARG-1]

4-23.不要返回"this"/ Do not return "this" [EJB.THISRET-1]

4-24.不要访问或修改安全配置对象/ Do not access or modify security configuration objects [EJB.AMSC-2]

4-25.在'ejbLoad()'中不要调用finder方法/ Do not call finder methods in the 'ejbLoad()' [EJB.EJBLOAD-2]

4-26.在一个Bean中避免加载原生库/ Avoid loading native libraries in a Bean class [EJB.LNL-2]

4-27.在EJB组件"final"时声明所有"static"字段/ Declare all "static" fields in the EJB component "final" [EJB.NFS-2]

4-28.重新利用EJB homes/ Reuse EJB homes [EJB.RUH-2]

4-29.在任何地方避免开始，停止或管理线程/ Avoid starting, stopping, or managing threads in any way [EJB.THREAD-2]

4-30.使用Session外观去控制访问实体beans/ Use a Session Facade to manage access to entity beans [EJB.USF-2]

4-31.在EJB类中不要使用Servlet代码/ Do not use Servlet code in EJB classes [EJB.ABCS-3]

4-32.在java swing或ervlet类中不要使用EJB代码/ Do not use EJB code in java swing or servlet classes [EJB.ADCB-3]

4-33.避免过多的inter-entity bean通讯/ Avoid excessive inter-entity bean communication [EJB.AIEBC-3]

4-34.在EJB类内不要使用JDBC代码/ Do not use JDBC code inside of EJB classes [EJB.AJDBC-3]

4-35.在session beans和entity beans间避免一对一的映射/ Avoid one-to-one mapping between session beans and entity beans [EJB.AOTO-3]

4-36.可再利用的高速缓存JNDI资源将减少使用高代价的运算/ Cache reusable JNDI resources to minimize the use of expensive operations [EJB.UCIC-3]

4-37.fine-grained对象不要使用Entity Beans/ Do not use Entity Beans as fine-grained objects [EJB.ABFG-4]

4-38.使用有价值对象减少对服务器的调用/ Use value Objects to reduce the granularity of calls to the server [EJB.UVO-4]

5. Exceptions [EXCEPT]

5-1.所有字段中用户定义的'Exception'声明为"final"/ Declare all fields of user-defined 'Exception' as "final" [EXCEPT.IMMEX-3]

5-2.不要捕获'java.lang.Error'对象/ Do not catch the 'java.lang.Error' object [EXCEPT.NCERR-3]

5-3.不要捕获'NullPointerException'/ Do not catch 'NullPointerException' [EXCEPT.NCNPE-3]

5-4.不要抛出'java.lang.Error'对象/ Do not throw the 'java.lang.Error' object [EXCEPT.NTERR-3]

5-5.在控制流的语句中不要滥用异常/ Do not abuse exceptions as flow control statements [EXCEPT.AEFC-4]

5-6.不要抛出'NullPointerException'/ Do not throw 'NullPointerException' [EXCEPT.NTNPE-5]

6. Formatting [FORMAT]

6-1.每行书写一个语句/ Write one statement per line [FORMAT.OSPL-1]

6-2.强制在主要的模块间执行数个空行/ Enforce number of blank line(s) between major sections [FORMAT.U2BL-1]

6-3.强制缩进执行数个空格/ Enforce number of space(s) for indentation [FORMAT.IND-2]

6-4.限制每行的最大长度/ Limit the maximum length of a line [FORMAT.LL-2]

6-5.每个源文件提供一个正确的文件标题/ Provide a correct file header comment for each source file [FORMAT.MCH-2]

6-6.条件表达式采用首选格式化/ Use the preferred formatting for conditional expressions [FORMAT.TE-2]

6-7.使用'()'分隔复杂的表达式/ Use '()' to separate complex expressions [FORMAT.APAREN-3]

6-8.在独有的行放置大括号/ Place a closing brace on its own line [FORMAT.CBRACE-3]

6-9.类型分配后放置一个单独的空格符号或否/ Place a single space character or no space character after type casting [FORMAT.CMS-3]

6-10.用空格代替'Tabs'/ Use spaces instead of 'Tabs' [FORMAT.DUT-3]

6-11.以'[]'括号声明arrays在队列类型后和变量名前/ Declare arrays with '[]' brackets after the array type and before the variable name(s) [FORMAT.IAD-3]

6-12.在一个方法名和打开的"("圆括号间放置一个单独的空格字符或否/ Place a single space character or no space character between a method name and the opening "(" parenthesis [FORMAT.MSP-3]

6-13.不要在'{'打开括号相同的行放置语句/ Do not place statements on the same line as the '{' opening brace [FORMAT.NSAB-3]

6-14.强制在所有逗号后执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) after every comma [FORMAT.SAC-3]

6-15.强制在赋值算法每一边执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) on each side of an assignment operator [FORMAT.SAOP-3]

6-16.强制在条件运算的打开圆括号"("后执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) after the opening parenthesis "(" of a conditional statement [FORMAT.SAP-3]

6-17.强制在所有分号后执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) after every semicolon [FORMAT.SAS-3]

6-18.强制在一个前缀一元操作和操他的作数间执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) between a prefixed unary operator and its operand [FORMAT.SAUOP-3]

6-19.强制在位运算每一边执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) on each side of a bitwise operator [FORMAT.SBOP-3]

6-20.强制在一个后缀一元操作和操他的作数间执行数个空格字符/Enforce number of space character(s) between a postfixed unary operator and its operand [FORMAT.SBUOP-3]

6-21.强制在条件算法"?"前和后执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) before and after the "?" conditional operator [FORMAT.SCOP-3]

6-22.强制在逻辑运算每一边执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) on each side of a logical operator [FORMAT.SLOP-3]

6-23.强制在关系运算每一边执行数个空格字符/ Enforce number of space character(s) on each side of a relational operator [FORMAT.SROP-3]

6-24.避免不必要的圆括号/ Avoid unnecessary parentheses [FORMAT.UP-3]

6-25.强制在类型声明前执行数个空行/ Enforce number of blank line(s) before type declarations [FORMAT.BLCD-4]

6-26.强制执行数个空行去分隔不同的"imports"包/ Enforce number of blank line(s) to separate "imports" from different packages [FORMAT.BLSIM-4]

6-27.强制执行'{'大括号的位置/ Enforce the position of '{' brace [FORMAT.FCB-4]

6-28.放置跟第一个类型有相同文件名的类型/ Place the type that has the same name as the file as the first type [FORMAT.FCN-4]

6-29.强制定制注释和修改人/ Enforce the order of annotations and modifiers [FORMAT.MO-4]

6-30.确信所有文件终止于换行字符/ Make sure all files are terminated with a newline character [FORMAT.TNL-4]

6-31.不要在行末放置空个空格区字段/ Do not place empty whitespace at the end of a line [FORMAT